HCNA-26 RIP与不连续子网

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HCNA-26RIP与不连续子网

                              

1、基本地址配置和组建RIPv1网络

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysnamer1

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24

[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r1]rip1

[r1-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]return

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysname r2

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.2 24

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[r2]display ip interface brief

[r2]rip 1

[r2-rip-1]network10.0.0.0

[r2-rip-1]network 192.168.23.0

[r2-rip-1]return

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysnamer3

[r3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.3 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.3 24

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[r3]rip1

[r3-rip-1]network192.168.23.0

[r3-rip-1]network192.168.34.0

[r3-rip-1]return

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysnamer4

[r4]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.4 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r4]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.45.4 24

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[r4]rip1

[r4-rip-1]network192.168.34.0

[r4-rip-1]network10.0.0.0

[r4-rip-1]return

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]sysnamer5

[r5]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipaddress 10.0.45.5 24

[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r5]rip1

[r5-rip-1]network10.0.0.0

[r5-rip-1]return

查看R1路由表：

<r1>displayip routing-table

RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RoutingTables: Public

         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

……

   192.168.23.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.34.0/24  RIP    100  2           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

查看结果，只学习到了192.168.23.0/24和192.168.34.0/24 两个网段；并没有学习到R4与R5之间的10.0.45.0/24路由条目。

再查看R2的路由表：

<r2>displayip routing-table

RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RoutingTables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11      

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

……

   192.168.34.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   192.168.23.3    GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

查看结果，R2只学习到了一条192.168.34.0/24的RIP路由条目。R4与R5间的路由同样没有学习到。

再看R3的路由表：

<r3>display ip routing-table

RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RoutingTables: Public

         Destinations : 11       Routes : 12      

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8  RIP     100  1          D   192.168.23.2    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

                    RIP     100 1           D   192.168.34.4    GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

   192.168.23.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   192.168.23.3    GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.23.3/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

192.168.23.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.34.0/24  Direct  0   0           D   192.168.34.3    GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

   192.168.34.3/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

192.168.34.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/1

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

查看结果，除去直连路由之外，R3分另从R2与R4接收到了两条相同10.0.0.0/8的主网路由条目，而并非现网拓扑中的10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24 两条子网路由。

导致这种情况的原因是：由于采用了RIPv1，在R2和R4分别接收到10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24的两条路由条目时，默认打开了自动有类汇总功能，所以在主网边界向外发送路由信息的时候都汇总成了10.0.0.0/8，发送给R3，最终在R3上由于接收到了两条目的网段相同、代价值也相同的路由条目。

此时的通信会出现问题。

<r3>ping10.0.12.1

  PING 10.0.12.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Request time out

  --- 10.0.12.1 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    0 packet(s) received

    100.00% packet loss

<r3>ping10.0.45.5

  PING 10.0.45.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=254 time=120 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=254 time=30 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=254 time=40 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    4 packet(s) received

    20.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 30/57/120 ms

使用RIPv1解决不连续子网问题：

需要明确的一点是，RIPv1默认自动汇总，且无法关闭！所以不连续子网问题不可能通过关闭自动汇总来实现！

解决办法：给接口配置第二个IP地址，IP取10.0.0.0/8主见多的子网。

[r2]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipaddress 10.0.23.2 24 sub  //接口配置下属地址

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]displaythis

[V200R003C00]

#

interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/1

ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 sub

[r3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipaddress 10.0.23.3 24 sub

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipaddress 10.0.34.3 24 sub

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[r3]rip1

[r3-rip-1]network10.0.0.0

[r3-rip-1]return

[r4]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipaddress 10.0.34.4 24 sub

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return

经过这样子的配置后，相当于原先在整个网络拓扑中被孤立的两个不连续子网10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24网段被新添加的10.0.23.0/24和10.0.34.0网段连接了起来，即现在已经构成了一个连续的子网。

查看R1路由表

<r1>displayip routing-table

RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RoutingTables: Public

         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13      

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.0/8   RIP    100  1           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      10.0.12.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.12.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      10.0.12.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

    10.0.12.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      10.0.23.0/24 RIP     100  1          D   10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      10.0.34.0/24  RIP    100  2           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      10.0.45.0/24  RIP    100  3           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

   192.168.23.0/24  RIP    100  1           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.34.0/24  RIP    100  2           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

此时所有的路由表将会出现子网信息。

<r1>ping10.0.45.5

  PING 10.0.45.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Request time out

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=252 time=90 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=252 time=40 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=252 time=40 ms

  --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    3 packet(s) received

    40.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 40/56/90 ms

R1与R5之间通信正常！

2、使用RIPv2来解决不连续子网问题

[r1]rip1

[r1-rip-1]version2  //配置RIP版本V2

[r1-rip-1]undosummary  //不执行自动汇总

[r2]rip1

[r2-rip-1]version2

[r2-rip-1]undosummary

[r2-rip-1]quit

[r2]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undoip address 10.0.23.2 24 sub  //取消配置的连续子网地址

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return

[r3]rip1

[r3-rip-1]version2

[r3-rip-1]undosummary

[r3-rip-1]undonetwork 10.0.0.0

[r3-rip-1]quit

[r3]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undoip address 10.0.23.3 24 sub

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undoip address 10.0.34.3 24 sub

[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return

[r4-rip-1]version2

[r4-rip-1]undosummary

[r4-rip-1]quit

[r4]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undoip address 10.0.34.4 24 sub

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return

[r5]rip1

[r5-rip-1]version2

[r5-rip-1]undosummary

[r5-rip-1]return

查看R1的路由表：

<r1>displayip routing-table

RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RoutingTables: Public

         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10      

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

……

      10.0.45.0/24 RIP     100  3          D   10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

127.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

   192.168.23.0/24  RIP     100 1           D   10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

   192.168.34.0/24  RIP    100  2           D  10.0.12.2       GigabitEthernet

0/0/0

255.255.255.255/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

其它路由省略，看到路由已经可以学习到全网的路由条目。

<r1>ping10.0.45.5

  PING 10.0.45.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Request time out

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=252 time=100 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=252 time=30 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=252 time=40 ms

    Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=252 time=50 ms

  --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    4 packet(s) received

    20.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 30/55/100 ms

测试网络OK！