HCNA-12 STP配置和选路规则
1、STP的基本配置 华为交换机默认开启MSTP <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysnamesw1 [sw1]stpenable //STP开启 [sw1]stpmode stp //STP模式STP <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysnamesw2 [sw2]stpenable [sw2]stpmode stp <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysnamesw3 [sw3]stpenable [sw3]stpmode stp <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysnamesw4 [sw4]stpenable [sw4]stpmode stp <sw3>displaystp //查看STP ----[Port3(GigabitEthernet0/0/3)][FORWARDING]---- //转发 Port Protocol :Enabled Port Role : Designated Port Port Priority :128 Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000 Designated Bridge/Port :32768.4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 128.3 Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None Port STP Mode :STP Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15sRemHop 20 TC or TCN send :36 TC or TCN received :0 BPDU Sent :328 TCN: 0, Config: 328, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDU Received :2 TCN: 0, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0 ----[Port5(GigabitEthernet0/0/5)][DISCARDING]---- //丢弃 Port Protocol :Enabled Port Role :Alternate Port //替代端口 Port Priority :128 Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000 Designated Bridge/Port :32768.4c1f-cc10-724e / 128.5 Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None Port STP Mode :STP Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15sRemHop 0 TC or TCN send :1 TC or TCN received :52 BPDU Sent :2 TCN: 1, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDU Received :538 TCN: 0, Config: 538, RST: 0, MST: 0 <sw1>displaystp brief //查看STP简介 MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE <sw2>displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/5 DESI FORWARDING NONE <sw3>display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/5 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/11 DESI FORWARDING NONE <sw4>displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE Sw1所有端口都是DESI FORWARDING 指定接口,可以初步认定是ROOT 根交换机。 <sw1>displaystp -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc02-6b54 ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc02-6b54 / 0 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc02-6b54 / 0 CISTRootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection : Disabled TC or TCNreceived :20 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:30m:29s Number ofTC :16 自身交换机ID和根交换机ID相同,SW1为根交换机。 -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :32768.4c1f-cc10-724e ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc02-6b54 / 20000 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc10-724e / 0 CISTRootPortId :128.1 BPDU-Protection : Disabled TC or TCNreceived :128 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:32m:6s Number ofTC :20
2、配置网络中的根交换机 由于根交换机的默认选举是通过交换机ID,MAC地址越小,越优先。交换机默认的优先级为32768也可以通过修改优先级来手动配置根交换机选举,一般性能好的做根。 2.1、通过优先级参数来配置SW2为主根,SW1为备根;SW2优先级为0,SW1优先级为4096。 <sw2>system-view [sw2]stppriority 0 //配置STP优先级 <sw1>system-view [sw1]stppriority 4096 [sw1]displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE [sw2]displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/5 DESI FORWARDING NONE [sw2]displaystp -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :0 .4c1f-cc10-724e //优先级为0 ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CISTRoot/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc10-724e / 0 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-cc10-724e / 0 CISTRootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection : Disabled TC or TCNreceived :129 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:2m:30s Number ofTC :21 [sw1]displaystp -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :4096 .4c1f-cc02-6b54 //优先级为4096 ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CISTRoot/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc10-724e / 20000 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc02-6b54 / 0 CISTRootPortId :128.1 BPDU-Protection : Disabled TC or TCNreceived :37 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:5m:20s Number of TC :17 Last TCoccurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/1 现在SW2为主根;SW1为备根。 2.2、通过命令配置SW3为主根,SW4为备根 [sw1]undostp priority //不执行STP优先级参数配置 [sw2]undostp priority <sw3>system-view [sw3]stproot primary //配置STP主根 <sw4>system-view [sw4]stproot secondary //配置STP备根 [sw3]displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/5 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/11 DESI FORWARDING NONE [sw4]displaystp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 DESI FORWARDING NONE [sw3]displaystp -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :0 .4c1f-cc38-3f7a ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CISTRoot/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 0 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 0 CISTRootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection : Disabled CIST RootType : Primary root TC or TCNreceived :290 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:1m:10s Number ofTC :28 Last TCoccurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/3 [sw4]displaystp -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :4096 .4c1f-cc64-2aad ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CISTRoot/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 20000 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc64-2aad / 0 CISTRootPortId :128.3 BPDU-Protection : Disabled CIST RootType :Secondary root TC or TCNreceived :365 TC countper hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Time sincelast TC :0 days 0h:1m:26s Number ofTC :26 Last TCoccurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/3 现在SW3为根交换机,SW4为备根。
3、理解根端口选举
默认根端口选举原则:比较此交换机上每个端口到达根交换机的根路径开销,路径开销最小的端口成为根端口;若开销相同,则比较每个端口所在链路上的上行交换机ID;若仍相同,则比较每个端口所在链路的上行端口ID,每台交换机只能拥有一个根端口。
通过配置接口的开销值来影响根接口的选举
[sw4]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT LEARNING NONE
当前根接口为 ge 0/0/4
[sw4]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4 //查看生成树接口信息
……
----[Port4(GigabitEthernet0/0/4)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Root Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc10-724e / 128.4
……
[sw4]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
----[Port3(GigabitEthernet0/0/3)][DISCARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Alternate Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :32768.4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 128.3
……
[sw4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]stp cost 30000 //配置生成树接口开销值为30000
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit
[sw4]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
配置完成后,根端口成了GE 0/0/3
另一种配置方法:
[sw4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/4
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]undo stp cost //恢复默认COST值
[sw4]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
[sw4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]stp cost 2000
[sw4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[sw4]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 ROOT LEARNING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/4 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
[sw4]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3
……
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/3
----[Port3(GigabitEthernet0/0/3)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Root Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=2000 / Active=2000
Designated Bridge/Port :32768.4c1f-cc38-3f7a / 128.3
……
说明COST的值越小,越优先。
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