HCNA-27 RIP的水平分割及触发更新
HCNA-27 RIP的水平分割及触发更新基本地址配置和RIPv2搭建<Huawei>system-viewsysnamer3interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 192.168.10.1 24interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 172.16.10.3 24quitrip1version2network192.168.10.0network172.16.0.0quit <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer1interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 172.16.10.1 24interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 172.16.20.1 24quitrip1version2network172.16.0.0quit <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer2interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 192.168.20.1 24interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 172.16.20.2 24quitrip1version2network192.168.20.0network172.16.0.0quit 验证触发更新删除R3与S1之间的连接线，然后在RIP收敛前查看R2的路路由表display ip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 12 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.10.0/24RIP 1001 D172.16.20.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.20.0/24Direct 0 0 D172.16.20.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.20.2/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.20.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.10.0/24RIP 100 2 D 172.16.20.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.20.0/24Direct 0 0 D192.168.20.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.20.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.20.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0查看路由表后发觉得192.168.10.0/24的网段依旧存在，这是由于刚才删除的连接线不是R1的直连接口，所以R1此时无法直接感知到故障已经发生，路由条目需要等待180S默认老化计时器超时后，此路由条目（192.168.10.0/24）才会在路由表中被删除。下面恢复R3与S1之间的连接。在RIP重新收敛过后（路由表恢复正常），再断掉R1与S1之间的链路，查看R2的路由表。<r2>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 172.16.20.0/24Direct 0 0 D172.16.20.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.20.2/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.20.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.20.0/24Direct 0 0 D 192.168.20.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.20.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.20.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0查看R2的路由表后发现，172.16.20.0/24和192.168.20.0/24的两个网段在路由表中会马上被删除，因为这次断掉的是R1的直连接口，所以R1能够直接感知到链路发生故障，在R1删除以上两个路由条目的同时会触发更新，使得R2上的路由表为最新状态。验证水平分割<r2>debuggingrip 1 sendGigabitEthernet 0/0/1//debugging是一个调试命令组；此命令意思是在GE0/0/1接口上调试发送RIP 1数据包信息<r2>terminalmonitor//监视终端信息<r2>terminaldebugging//调试终端信息Jun17 2020 22:58:46.771.1-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13456: RIP 1: Sending response on interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 from172.16.20.2 to 224.0.0.9Jun17 2020 22:58:46.771.2-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13476: Packet: Version 2, Cmd response,Length 24Jun17 2020 22:58:46.771.3-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.20.0/24, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0从debug的信息中可以观察到R2发送给R1的路由条目中没有包含192.168.10.0/24网段的路由信息，因为该条目是从R1发过来的，因为华为接口默认开启了水平分割，所以RIP从某接口接收到的路由信息，不会从该接口再发回给邻居设备。下面关闭debug并在R2的GE0/0/1和R1 GE 0/0/1接口下使用undo rip split-horizon关闭水平分割功能。<r2>undo debugging all//取消所有调式命令<r2>system-viewinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1undorip split-horizon//取消rip水平分割功能return <r1>system-viewinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1undorip split-horizonreturn <r2>debuggingrip 1 send GigabitEthernet 0/0/1<r2>terminalmonitor<r2>terminal debuggingJun17 2020 23:18:44.311.4-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 172.16.0.0/16, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0Jun17 2020 23:18:44.311.5-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.10.0/24, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 3, Tag 0Jun17 2020 23:18:44.311.6-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.20.0/24, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0从debug信息中发现此时R2发送给R1的路由条目中包含有192.168.10.0/24的网段，这是因为此时RIP接口上的水平分割功能不再生效。验证毒性逆转先关闭所有debug然后重新运行水平分割功能。<r2>undodebugging all<r2>system-viewinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1ripsplit-horizon//配置接口开启水平分割return <r1>system-viewinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1rip split-horizonreturn重新开启debugging查看情况：<r2>debuggingrip 1 send GigabitEthernet 0/0/1<r2>terminalmonitor<r2>terminaldebuggingJun17 2020 23:52:09.441.1-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13456: RIP 1: Sending response on interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 from172.16.20.2 to 224.0.0.9Jun17 2020 23:52:09.441.2-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13476: Packet: Version 2, Cmd response,Length 24Jun17 2020 23:52:09.441.3-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.20.0/24, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0开启了水平分割后，R2不再回发R1的路由条目192.168.1.0/24网段。下面关闭debug，然后在R2的GE 0/0/1接口下使用rippoison-reverse命令开启毒性逆转功能。<r2>undodebugging all<r2>system-viewinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1rippoison-reverse//接口配置为开启RIP 毒性逆转return再打开debug查看R2发送给R1的路由信息<r2>debuggingrip 1 send GigabitEthernet 0/0/1<r2>terminalmonitor<r2>terminaldebuggingJun18 2020 00:04:42.761.2-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13476: Packet: Version 2, Cmd response,Length 64<r2>Jun18 2020 00:04:42.761.3-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 172.16.10.0/24, Nexthop172.16.20.1, Cost 16,Tag 0<r2>Jun18 2020 00:04:42.761.4-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.10.0/24, Nexthop172.16.20.1, Cost 16,Tag 0<r2>Jun18 2020 00:04:42.761.5-08:00 r2 RIP/7/DBG: 6: 13546: Dest 192.168.20.0/24, Nexthop0.0.0.0, Cost 1, Tag 0可以观察到，R2发送给R1的路由条目中包含了192.168.10.0/24的网段，但是COST值（跳路）为16，即为可达。说明在毒性逆转和水平分割同时开启的情况下，简单的水平分割行为会被毒性逆转行为代替。（从某个接口学到的路由再从这个接口发布时将会被抑制。）
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