HCNA-26 RIP与不连续子网
HCNA-26RIP与不连续子网 1、基本地址配置和组建RIPv1网络<Huawei>system-viewsysnamer1interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.1 24quitrip1network 10.0.0.0return <Huawei>system-viewsysname r2interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.2 24quitinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1ip address 192.168.23.2 24quitdisplay ip interface briefrip 1network10.0.0.0network 192.168.23.0return <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer3interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ip address 192.168.23.3 24quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ip address 192.168.34.3 24quitrip1network192.168.23.0network192.168.34.0return <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer4interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ip address 192.168.34.4 24quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ip address 10.0.45.4 24quitrip1network192.168.34.0network10.0.0.0return <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer5interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 10.0.45.5 24quitrip1network10.0.0.0return查看R1路由表：<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface…… 192.168.23.0/24RIP 100 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.34.0/24RIP 1002 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0查看结果，只学习到了192.168.23.0/24和192.168.34.0/24 两个网段；并没有学习到R4与R5之间的10.0.45.0/24路由条目。再查看R2的路由表：<r2>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface…… 192.168.34.0/24RIP 100 1 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0查看结果，R2只学习到了一条192.168.34.0/24的RIP路由条目。R4与R5间的路由同样没有学习到。再看R3的路由表：<r3>display ip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 11 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.0.0/8RIP 1001 D 192.168.23.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.34.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 192.168.23.0/24Direct0 0 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.23.3/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.23.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.34.0/24Direct0 0 D 192.168.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.34.3/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.34.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0查看结果，除去直连路由之外，R3分另从R2与R4接收到了两条相同10.0.0.0/8的主网路由条目，而并非现网拓扑中的10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24 两条子网路由。导致这种情况的原因是：由于采用了RIPv1，在R2和R4分别接收到10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24的两条路由条目时，默认打开了自动有类汇总功能，所以在主网边界向外发送路由信息的时候都汇总成了10.0.0.0/8，发送给R3，最终在R3上由于接收到了两条目的网段相同、代价值也相同的路由条目。此时的通信会出现问题。<r3>ping10.0.12.1PING 10.0.12.1: 56data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out Request time out --- 10.0.12.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 0 packet(s) received 100.00% packet loss <r3>ping10.0.45.5PING 10.0.45.5: 56data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=254 time=120 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=254 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=254 time=40 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=254 time=40 ms --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 30/57/120 ms 使用RIPv1解决不连续子网问题：需要明确的一点是，RIPv1默认自动汇总，且无法关闭！所以不连续子网问题不可能通过关闭自动汇总来实现！解决办法：给接口配置第二个IP地址，IP取10.0.0.0/8主见多的子网。interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 10.0.23.2 24 sub//接口配置下属地址displaythis#interfaceGigabitEthernet0/0/1 ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0 ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 sub interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 10.0.23.3 24 subinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 10.0.34.3 24 subquitrip1network10.0.0.0return interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 10.0.34.4 24 subreturn经过这样子的配置后，相当于原先在整个网络拓扑中被孤立的两个不连续子网10.0.12.0/24和10.0.45.0/24网段被新添加的10.0.23.0/24和10.0.34.0网段连接了起来，即现在已经构成了一个连续的子网。查看R1路由表<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.0.0/8 RIP 1001 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.12.0/24Direct 0 0 D10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.12.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.12.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.23.0/24 RIP 1001 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.34.0/24RIP 1002 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.45.0/24RIP 1003 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 192.168.23.0/24RIP 1001 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.34.0/24RIP 1002 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0此时所有的路由表将会出现子网信息。<r1>ping10.0.45.5PING 10.0.45.5: 56data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=252 time=90 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=252 time=40 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=252 time=40 ms --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 3 packet(s) received 40.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 40/56/90 msR1与R5之间通信正常！2、使用RIPv2来解决不连续子网问题rip1version2//配置RIP版本V2undosummary//不执行自动汇总 rip1version2undosummaryquitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1undoip address 10.0.23.2 24 sub//取消配置的连续子网地址return rip1version2undosummaryundonetwork 10.0.0.0quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0undoip address 10.0.23.3 24 subinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1 undoip address 10.0.34.3 24 subreturn version2undosummary quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0undoip address 10.0.34.4 24 subreturn rip1version2undosummary return 查看R1的路由表：<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface…… 10.0.45.0/24 RIP 1003 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 192.168.23.0/24RIP 100 1 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.34.0/24RIP 1002 D10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0其它路由省略，看到路由已经可以学习到全网的路由条目。<r1>ping10.0.45.5PING 10.0.45.5: 56data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=252 time=100 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=252 time=30 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=252 time=40 ms Reply from 10.0.45.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=252 time=50 ms --- 10.0.45.5 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 4 packet(s) received 20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 30/55/100 ms测试网络OK！
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