HCNA-23 路由协议的汇总
HCNA-23 路由协议的汇总1、基本地址配置和RIPv1配置<Huawei>system-viewsysnamer1interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 192.168.12.1 24quitrip1//创建RIP协议进程号1network 192.168.12.0//宣告参与网段quit <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer2interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 192.168.12.2 24quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/1ipaddress 192.168.23.2 24quitdisplayip interface brief//查看接口IP概要rip 1network192.168.12.0network192.168.23.0quit <Huawei>system-viewsysnamer3interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ipaddress 192.168.23.3 24quitinterfaceloopback 1//创建环回口 接口编号1ipaddress 8.8.1.5 24quitinterfaceloopback 2ipaddress 8.8.2.5 24quitinterfaceloopback 3ipaddress 8.8.3.5 24quitinterfaceloopback 4ipaddress 8.8.4.5 24quitdisplayip interface briefrip 1network192.168.23.0 network8.0.0.0quit查看R1和R2的路由表<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0…… 192.168.23.0/24RIP 1001 D192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct 0 0 D127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0<r2>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1……观察到R3发过来的汇总路由条目8.0.0.0/8，没有任何明细路由条目。R3GE0/0/0接口上抓包发现RIPv1协议报文中没有携带掩码信息，只有相应网络号和度量值，即RIPv1只发布汇总后的有类路由。RIPv1默认开启自动汇总，且无法关闭！！也不支持手动汇总。<r3>displaydefault-parameter rip//查看RIP默认配置信息-------------------------------------------- Protocol Level Default Configurations -------------------------------------------- RIP version : 1 Preference : 100 Checkzero : Enabled Default-cost: 0 Auto Summary:Enabled Host-route : Enabled……能看到默认配置信息中自动汇总是开启状态！
2、配置RIPv2自动汇总rip1version2//配置RIP版本为v2 rip1version2 rip1version2
当配置完RIPv2后，继续在R3的GE0/0/0接口抓包时发现，RIPv2报文中携带了掩码信息。另外RIPv2支持自动汇总，默认是开启的，并且与RIPv1的不同是，RIPv2可以关闭。下面再查看R1与R2的路由表与之前有何不同：<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 12 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.8.1.0/24RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 8.8.2.0/24RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 8.8.3.0/24RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 8.8.4.0/24RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0…… 192.168.23.0/24RIP 1001 D192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0……<r2>display ip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 14 Routes : 14 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.8.1.0/24RIP 100 1 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 8.8.2.0/24RIP 100 1 D192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 8.8.3.0/24RIP 100 1 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 8.8.4.0/24RIP 100 1 D 192.168.23.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1与之前不同的是，RIPv2接收到的路由条目是具体的明细路由条目，并不是和RIPv1一样汇总路由，即此时RIPv2默认自动汇总并没有生效。这是因为华为设备以太网和串口都默认启用了水平分割功能。为了防止环路和不连续子网问题的产生，在启用了水平分割或毒性逆转的接口上，RIPv2的默认自动汇总就会失效，所以从R3宣告过来的都是具体的明细路由条目。下面配置让RIPv2默认自动汇总生效：第一种方法：rip1summaryalways//配置为总是汇总此时再看R1的路由表：displayip routing-table//查看IP路由表RouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.0.0.0/8RIP 1002 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0…… 192.168.23.0/24RIP 1001 D192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0……第二种方法：interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0undorip split-horizon//配置接口取消RIP 水平分割此时再看R1的路由表：<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.0.0.0/8RIP 1002 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0…… 192.168.23.0/24RIP 1001 D192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0……不论是在RIP协议里配置始终汇总，还是在接口里取消水平分割，都可以促使RIPv2的自动汇总生效。
3、配置RIPv2手动汇总rip1undosummary//取消自动汇总quitinterfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0ripsummary-address 8.8.0.0 255.255.252.0//配置手动汇总quitR1的路由表：<r1>displayip routing-tableRouteFlags: R - relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------RoutingTables: Public Destinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask ProtoPreCost Flags NextHop Interface 8.8.0.0/22 RIP 100 2 D 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 8.8.4.0/24RIP 1002 D192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0……
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